Septic Backup – 4 Common Causes and How to Prevent Them

Septic Backup is more than just a minor inconvenience. It leads to significant property damages in most cases and costly repairs to boot. Identifying common causes of backups is crucial for you to avoid any issues that may arise.

In our article our team at Kelley’s Septic and Drain will explore the 4 common reasons septic backups occur. We’ll also provide you practical tips on how to prevent future backups in your septic system. By being proactive you’ll be able to keep your septic system running smoothly and avoid the emergency fee for calling Kelley Septic and Drain.

What Causes a Septic Tank to Back Up?

  1. Lack of Regular Septic Pumping
  2. Flushing Non-Biodegradable Items
  3. Overloading the System with Excessive Water Usage
  4. Tree Root Intrusion into the Septic System

Lack of Regular Septic Pumping

How It Causes Backup: One the most common causes of any septic backup is simply not getting your septic system pumped at the appropriate time. When solids accumulate at the bottom of your septic system they can eventually build up and prevent the waste water from escaping properly. This buildup will eventually lead to you seeing a back up in your yard or even in your kitchens and bathrooms.

Prevention:
This is by far the simplest to avoid for one reason you can call Kelley Septic and Drain. We will be out to pump your tank at the soonest available appointment time while also giving you an idea of when you should schedule your next appointment by asking questions about water usage and occupancy.Regular maintenance ensures that solids are removed before they can cause backups.

Flushing Non-Biodegradable Items

How It Causes Backup: We think this might go with out saying but flushing items that are not biodegradable can cause you serious problems in the septic system department. Flushing items such as wipes, feminine products, and paper towels can lead to clogs in the pipes and in the long run septic backups.

Prevention: You guessed it do not flush non biodegradable items down the toilet. Items that belong in toilets are toilet paper, number 1 (urine) and number 2 (poo). Nothing more!

Overloading the System with Excessive Water Usage

How It Causes Backup: This might also be a big one that is often overlooked but excessive water usage. Now I like a nice hot warm shower after a long day but taking longer showers along with all the other water usage in the home like laundry and dishes can put a strain on your system and prevent the proper drainage required.

Prevention: Be reasonable with your water usage. We understand that larger families might not be able to get around it but try to spread out laundry days and use water saving appliances. By controlling the water that enters your septic tank, you can reduce the possibility of overloading the system and causing a backup. 

Tree Root Intrusion into the Septic System

How It Causes Backup: Tree roots are a septic systems worst nightmare. Now I’m not saying go and chop down all the trees in your backyard right away. Though we do say that roots are attracted to the moisture in the pipes because they see it as a water source. They can cause significant damage that you wouldn’t see until it may have become a problem.

Prevention: Scheduling regular inspections along with your septic tank pumping should be your go to when it comes to root intrusions. This will also make sure that your drain field is operating efficiently and this is always helped by avoiding heavy traffic and or construction. The sooner you address a possible problem the less likely it will be a major expense.

By knowing these 4 signs of backups we expect that we won’t be getting any emergency calls from you in the near future but just in case anything arises feel free to give us a call today.

The Importance of Septic System Inspections

Septic system inspections are crucial to the well being of your home, and your wallet. By being aware of what your system entails, and the the condition of your system, a homeowner can be equipped with knowledge to maintain and sustain their system better. Although septic system inspections are not required for buying a home, it is highly encouraged. Below are some answers to common questions people have pertaining to septic system inspections.

WHY ARE SEPTIC SYSTEM INSPECTIONS NECESSARY?

One of the biggest expenses a new homeowner can incur is making upgrades to, or replacing, a septic system. This should be a factor in deciding whether or not the house should be purchased. Besides discovering any repairs recommended to be made to the existing septic system, there are also other benefits to septic inspections. The inspection will help you understand that specific property’s septic system, since every septic system can different. It is important to know the location, components, condition, age, and size of the system. Not understanding these criteria could lead to implications down the road. For instance, the buyer might have to fix or repair the system, or the system could not fit the usage levels of the buyer. Inspections will help new homeowners understand proper septic care in order to get the most life out of a septic system. Also, getting an inspection is one of the only times you can see the inner workings of the tank unless you suspect that something is wrong in the future.

WHY KELLEYS IS CT’S TOP CHOICE FOR SEPTIC INSPECTIONS?

In regards to choosing a company to do septic inspections, select a company that has a good reputation amongst its customers along with may years of experience. Kelley Septic & Drain has highly experienced inspectors that thoroughly inspect the septic system’s components, then share their findings onsite and in a detailed report. These reports are often sent back to the paying party in the same business day. The experts at Kelley Septic & Drain will teach you about the system and how it works. Additionally, you’ll want to set up a septic pumping paired with a septic inspection. Kelley Septic & Drain has a large fleet of pump trucks in the State of Connecticut, making coordinating septic pumping with septic inspections easy. You’ll be able to book both services in one phone call. 

Septic Inspections done right by Kelley Septic and Drain

WHY SHOULD YOU ALWAYS GET A TANK PUMPED AT AN INSPECTION?

We always suggest pumping out the septic tank at the time of the inspection, or else the findings will not be as thorough. An empty septic tank will fill up about two weeks after regular use, and the floor of the tank will not be visible likely within a day after the septic tank is pumped. Pumping out the septic tank at the time of inspection allows the inspectors to get a full view of the system and all of its components. A brief overview of what the septic inspector will do:

  • Locate the septic tank
  • Check for the tank style, size
  • Check for any cracks, holes, deterioration
  • Check usage levels and conditions of leaching system/drain field
  • Report findings to you our customer

With the tank being full, or even partially full, inspectors would have no way to check for any signs of deterioration in the tank in areas that are covered with septage. Most tanks are made of concrete, which can become damaged by the corrosive gasses within the septic tank over the years. Damages can also be made to septic tanks by roots. It is very common to find deterioration in septic tanks, especially if it is an older system. The bottom line: it is well-worth it to spend a little extra money at the time of the inspection on a pumping than to find out later that multi-thousand dollar repairs need to be made.

HOW CAN YOU SET UP AN APPOINTMENT WITH KELLEY’S?

Kelley Septic & Drain area covers almost the whole State of Connecticut with some exceptions to certain areas of Litchfield and Fairfield counties. There are multiple, easy ways to set up an appointment with Kelley’s. You can book online, by chat or over the phone. Our full-time call center representatives would be happy to answer any questions or concerns about you upcoming septic inspection. We know buying or selling a home can be stressful, so we’re here to make things easier for you. Once you are booked you will receive text alert updates on upcoming appointments and will be sent a live link to track your technician once they are on the way to the property. Kelley’s makes septic services easy from start to finish. 

Septic Tank Pumping in Willimantic: Ensuring Your System Stays Efficient and Trouble-Free

Septic Tank Pumping live by technician

At Kelley Septic and Drain, our team understands how crucial your septic system is to your business or home. Septic Systems are one of if not the most important pieces of any property, that being said they are often overlooked since it’s out of sight out of mind. Until of course the poop is flowing the wrong direction. Regular septic tank pumping is the antidote to every septic problem systems will run smoother, prevent backups, alleviate unpleasant odors, and avoid costly repairs. To learn more about how the Kelley Septic Team gets this done so effectively take a look.

Why Regular Septic Tank Pumping Is Critical

Your septic tank plays a crucial role in managing the waste of your home or business. Did you know that it actually separates solids from wastewater allowing all the liquids to flow into the drain field, while the solids aka sludge accumulates at the bottom of the tank waiting to be pumped by Kelley Septic and Drain. In the time between septic tank pumps the solid waste that was left behind will break down due to natural bacterial processes but it will continue to build up and if left too long you could experience blockages or even complete failures which can be very expensive.

Here’s why regular septic tank pumping is crucial for your property:

Prevents Blockages and Backups: This is the most common avoidable issue when it comes to septic tanks. To avoid blockages and backups get your tank pumped at the appropriate time which can be suggested by out team based on how many occupants and water usage. Blockages and backups can cause a hazardous environment with all of the waste flowing the wrong direction repairs and remediation can become quite expensive.

Extends the Lifespan of Your System: Regular septic tank pumping helps reduce the strain you put on the entire system. This regularly upkept maintenance will extend the lifespan of your septic system and help you avoid the costly replacement fees to boot.

Protects Your Property Value: Septic Systems that are well maintained are more essential to preserving your property value than you might think. Every potential buyer that steps in your property will be wary of a failing or poorly maintained septic system, as this leads to further headaches and a lot of future expenses.

Improves Environmental Health: A septic system failing means a few things. First wastewater can seep into the ground and contaminate your soil. This will then lead your local water sources being contaminated such as well water and nearby bodies of water. Regular septic tank pumping will ensure that your system functions effectively while also keeping you from polluting the environment around your home.

How Often Should You Pump Your Septic Tank?

Septic pumping frequencies vary from home to home or business to business. The following factors are size of your septic tank, number of occupants in the home or business, and the overall water usage in the home or business. On average most residential septic tanks should and can be pumped every 2 to 4 years. If you have a larger family or are on a commercial property this may be a shortened timeline.

At Kelley Septic and drain, we offer recommendations based on you and your home. Inspections will be done at the time of pumping and we will give recommendations of a good pumping schedule to keep your system from having any problems from lack of maintenance.

How Septic Tank Pumping Works

Septic tank pumping though smelly is a straight forward process. It requires professional equipment and the expertise of the team at Kelley Septic and Drain to be done correctly. Here’s what you can expect when Kelley Septic arrives to pump your septic tank:

Locate and Access the Tank: We can not do our jobs if we can’t find it Most times access points will be easily accessible but on other occasions we may need to be told where to dig to ensure we’re able to find the septic tank.

Inspect the System: Before we begin the septic tank pumping process, our drivers will inspect the tank to check for signs of leaks or damage. This gives time to possibly identify issues such as cracks, leaks, or signs of an ill performing drain field.

Pump Out the Waste: The part people pay to see or at least smell. Using the specialized septic vacuuming equipment, our team will pump out the sludge and scum layers from your septic tank. We ensure that all the solid waste is removed. Our trucks have a high capacity so they can handle even the largest residential or commercial septic tanks with ease.

Clean and Flush the Tank: Once the waste has been removed from the septic tank our team will clean the inside of the tank to eliminate any possible build ups. This step helps keep the tank from having failures, and minimizes the possibility of future clogs.

Final Inspection and Reporting: Once pumping and cleaning has been completed we move into our final inspection to ensure the septic tank is in good working order. We’ll provide you details of the inspection and recommendations if anything is found.

Septic Inspections by Kelley Septic and Drain


Signs Your Septic Tank Needs Pumping

While regular septic tank pumping should be the standard there are some signs that you may need to be pumped immediately. If you notice any of the following signs it’s time to give our team a call at Keeley Septic and Drain:

  • Slow Drains: If all of your drains are getting slower all at the same time it could be a sign that your septic tank is getting very fully and cant handle the excess wastewater you’re providing.
  • Foul Odors: If it smells like you should be wearing a hazmat mask when you walk by your septic tank cover then you should call us immediately. That is usually a sign of an overloaded septic system.
  • Standing Water: If you notice that your yard around the drain field has a bunch of standing water and it hasn’t rained in quite a while this is a sign that your septic tank can’t handle the excess waste.Standing water from overrun septic tank
  • Sewage Backup: If sewage starts backing into other portions of your home this is an emergency situation call us as soon as possible. This indicates that a serious blockage even a possible system failure.

Why Choose Kelley Septic and Drain for Septic Tank Pumping in Willimantic?

When it comes to septic tank pumping you want a local company that understands the septic industry and aims to satisfy its customers. At Kelley Septic and Drain, we set ourselves apart with state of the art equipment, thorough inspections, and affordable prices.

If you’re due for a septic tank pumping and your know it, or you have noticed some of the previously mentioned signs. Do not wait this the sewage is coming in the kitchen sink. Call us before you’ll need help remediating. Our professional septic team is ready to help you with any and all septic questions . Let Kelley Septic and Drain help your septic system run smoothly. Call us today.

Expert Septic System Installation in Willimantic: Trust Kelley Septic for Quality and Reliability

A well designed septic system is essential to any property that does not use a city sewer system. At Kelley Septic and Drain we specialize in designing custom septic systems that pass local regulation while ensuring it is long term functionality. With over a 100 years experience in Willimantic and surrounding towns, we built a reputation for providing solutions that help bot residential and commercial properties. Whether you need a system for your home that is under construction or an upgrade for your aging system, our team has the knowledge and ability to help you through the process.

 

Why Proper Septic System Design Matters

Septic systems are not a one size fits all approach. Each property has unique soil conditions, water table, and locational constraints that require a professional evaluation. A properly designed system ensures:

 

Efficient Wastewater Treatment: A septic system’s primary purpose is to treat and dispose of all home wastewater safely. A well constructed septic system minimizes the environmental impact and prevents contamination of ground water sources.

Regulatory Compliance: State and Local health departments enforce strict regulations regarding your septic systems. Our teams ensure that your septic system passes and exceeds these requirements, preventing major fines or even system failures.

Longevity and Durability: A poorly designed septic system can lead to backups, septic failures and very expensive septic system repairs. Septic planning done by Kelley Septic and Drain ensures that your septic system will last decades after installation with minimal maintenance.

Increased Property Value: A well designed septic system that is properly installed by Kelley Septic can add value to your property, making it a more attractive house to potential buyers looking to make it a home.

 

Site Evaluation and Soil Testing

Before designing your Kelley Septic system, we conduct a thorough evaluation of your property. This includes:

  • Soil Percolation Testing: The ability of the soil to filter and absorb waste water is very important to Kelley Septic to ensure we install the correct type and size of the septic system. We perform percolation tests to ensure we know the soil will allow the water to drain through the soil.
  • Topographical Analysis: We evaluate drainage patterns and natural features that could affect our decision of where to place your septic system.
  • Water Table Assessment: A higher than average water table can impact the efficiency of your septic system. Our team will analyze the ground water levels to ensure that a septic system is placed properly.

System Type Selection:

Depending on the results of the site evaluation, we determine the best septic system for your needs. Some common system types include:

  • Conventional Septic Systems: Ideal for residential and commercial properties with well draining soil, these septic systems use a septic tank and drain field to treat all waste water that is produced naturally.
  • Mound Systems: Designed for any area that has either high water tables or poo soil conditions that don’t drain well, these mound systems elevate your drain field to ensure that your waste water is properly filtered.
  • Chamber Systems: These are a modern alternative to traditional drain fields, our chamber systems use a prefabricated chamber to improve your septic systems longevity.
  • Advanced Treatment Systems: Our advanced Kelley Septic treatment systems incorporated additional filtrations methods, these are commonly found and required in environmentally sensitive and protected areas.

 

Custom System Design

Once we determine the best Kelley Septic system for your property we create a custom design that factors in the following property conditions.

  • The size of your household or business
  • Estimated daily water usage by inhabitants, clients, and staff.
  • Soil absorption rates and capacity
  • Future Expansion possibilities

 

Our Designs prioritize efficiency, costs, and the surrounding environmental standards, ensuring that your Kelley Septic system functions for years after your installation.

 

Permitting and compliance

Septic system installation requires approval for both your local health departments and local environmental agencies. Our team at Kelley Septic and Drain handle the permitting process to ensure your septic system complies with regulations and so your don’t have to stress about having to get a permit yourself. We work closely with your town health departments to streamline your approval process, so your septic system installation process goes off without a hitch. 

Septic System Installation and Maintenance

Once your Kelley Septic system is approved by the local environmental department we will begin the installation process. Our team of experienced technicians will ensure that your installation is done correctly and safely to prevent any further septic issues.

 

Proper Maintenance is almost as important as your septic system design. To keep your septic system running at peak performance, we recommend the following:

Regular pumping: Your Kelley Septic tank should be pumped every 3-5 years depending on the households size and usage.

Routine Inspections: Periodic Inspections help detect smaller issue before they turn into bigger septic repairs.

Mindful Usage: Avoid flushing non biodegradable items such as wipes into your septic system. Keep in mind excessive grease and harsh chemicals can also harm your septic system.

By following these best practices, we know that you can extend the life of your Kelley Septic system and avoid unexpected breakdowns.

 

Why Choose Kelley Septic and Drain?

With over a century of septic system experience Kelley Septic is trusted not only by Willimantic home owners but those all over the state of Connecticut. We leverage our experience along with advanced septic system technology to ensure your septic system is not only installed properly but maintained to last.

 

If you’re planning a septic system installation or need to redesign your septic system for efficiency reason, our team at Kelley Septic is here to help. Contact us today to schedule a consultation and discover how our expert team can create a septic system that meets your specific household needs while also ensuring the septic systems lifecycle lasts as long as possible. Let our team handle the complex world of septic systems so you don’t think about your system each time you flush the toilet or turn on the sink.

Why Regular Septic System Inspections Are Essential for Willimantic Homeowners

For many homeowners in Willimantic and CT, a septic system is a crucial part of their home. While it’s easy to forget about your septic system when everything is working properly, neglecting to get an inspection can lead to costly issues in the future. Regular septic inspections are essential to ensuring your septic system is always running properly.

The Benefits of Routine Septic System Inspections

Septic system inspections are more than just a routine checkup—they play a vital role in extending the life of your system and avoiding expensive repairs. Here’s why regular inspections matter:

  • Prevent Costly Repairs: Minor issues can be detected early before they turn into major problems. A simple inspection can save thousands of dollars in potential repairs or full system replacements.
  • Protect Your Property and the Environment: A failing septic system can lead to groundwater contamination, foul odors, and even property damage. Regular inspections help prevent leaks and overflows.
  • Ensure Proper Functionality: Over time, septic systems can experience blockages or buildup. Inspections help ensure your system is processing wastewater efficiently.
  • Comply with Local Regulations: Many areas, including those in Connecticut, have guidelines for septic system maintenance. Regular inspections can help you stay compliant and avoid fines.
  • Increase Property Value: If you’re planning to sell your home, a well-maintained septic system can be a selling point and prevent surprises during buyer inspections.

What Happens During a Septic System Inspection?

Homeowners often wonder what to expect during a septic inspection. At Kelley’s Septic Service, our comprehensive inspections include:

  1. Locating and Accessing the Septic Tank – If the tank’s location is unknown, our technicians use tools to locate it and expose the access points.
  2. Measuring Sludge and Scum Levels – We check the levels of waste accumulation inside the tank to determine if it needs pumping.
  3. Inspecting Tank Integrity – Cracks, leaks, and signs of corrosion in the tank are identified to prevent future failures.
  4. Checking Drain Field Performance – We evaluate the drain field for standing water, foul odors, or other signs of failure.
  5. Testing Water Flow – A water flow test ensures wastewater is properly moving from the home to the septic tank and drain field.
  6. Providing a Detailed Report – After the inspection, homeowners receive a full report outlining the system’s condition and any recommendations for maintenance or repairs.

When Should You Schedule a Septic System Inspection?

Not sure when to book your next septic inspection? Here are a few key times when an inspection is necessary:

  • Every 1–3 years – Routine inspections ensure everything is running smoothly and prevent potential failures.
  • Before buying or selling a home – If your property has a septic system, an inspection is crucial for buyers and sellers alike.
  • If you notice slow drains or odors – Gurgling pipes, slow drains, or foul smells around your yard could indicate septic issues.
  • After heavy rain or flooding – Excessive water can stress your system, making an inspection a smart precaution.
  • If it’s been more than three years – If you can’t remember your last inspection, it’s time to schedule one!Septic System Inspections done by our team here at Kelley Septic and Drain.

Why Choose Kelley’s Septic Service?

When it comes to septic system maintenance, choosing a reliable service provider is key. Kelley’s Septic Service has been serving Willimantic and most of Connecticut with trusted, professional septic care. Here’s why homeowners rely on us:

  • Decades of Experience – Our technicians are highly trained and knowledgeable about all types of septic systems.
  • Advanced Equipment – We use state-of-the-art tools to perform thorough inspections and identify potential issues.
  • Reliable & Transparent Service – We provide honest assessments and never recommend unnecessary services.
  • Emergency Services Available – If you’re experiencing an urgent septic issue, we’re here to help 24/7.
  • Affordable Pricing & Maintenance Plans – We offer competitive rates and customized maintenance plans to fit your budget.

Book Your Inspection with Kelley’s Septic Service

Don’t wait until septic problems arise—stay ahead of issues with routine inspections. Kelley’s Septic Service is your trusted partner in keeping your system running efficiently and avoiding costly repairs.

Schedule your septic inspection today! Call us at 860-456-8655.

How to find professional drain cleaning services near me?

drain cleaning near me

If you’re like many homeowners do, you don’t think about your house’s plumbing system often. So long as clean water flows from the faucet and flows smoothly through the drain, you don’t have anything to worry about.

If you hire a professional to take care of your drains, you’ll be able to avoid the possibility of pipe bursts or other plumbing issues. Locating a business that provides the services of cleaning your drains is much easier than you imagine. You need to follow these steps.

Experience

If you are dealing with your plumbing, knowledge is crucial. This is why you shouldn’t attempt to clean your drain yourself. Many homeowners believe they can pour an acidic solution into the drain to correct the issue. However, this isn’t the way to go. Chemicals are often able to reduce the pipe’s lifespan over time.

You should instead select a business that has years of experience. They’ve dealt with a variety of clogging issues. They’re well-equipped and have the expertise to handle nearly every clog they face.

Inexperience could mean that they cause the problem to get more serious. The issue may not be noticed until much later. You’ll want to do it right the first time around.

Reviews are key

One of the most effective methods to determine the quality of a company is to look up reviews. A majority of companies will have testimonials posted on their websites. This is an excellent first point to examine. Any company that doesn’t have testimonials may not be worthy of consideration.

After reading customers’ comments about them, you’ll want to broaden your search. Seek help from the sites like Angie’s List, Facebook, HomeAdvisor, Yelp, and other review websites for reviews while searching for a professional drain cleaning services provider near you. They could provide more honest opinions about the business.

Seek out information

Word of mouth is an important factor. Talk to your family and friends for recommendations if you want to have your drainage cleaned. If they’ve had a good experience with the company and they were pleased, they’ll recommend it to you. Getting introduced to a business you’ve not heard about before is possible, yet their work is top-notch.

Choose the professional plumbing

It is also possible to make the process easier by picking a professional Plumbing to handle the drain cleaning for you. The professional drain cleaning service company will provide Hydro Jetting and other options to clear clogged drains. Our drain inspections determine the type of treatment your home requires.

Professional drain cleaning services

Evaluate quotes

The next step is to evaluate quotes. It is tempting to select the cheapest quote feasible, but it’s not always the best option. The less expensive companies may not have the equipment like Hydro Jetting services, which makes the job easier, more efficient, safer, and less risky. They might also not have the same experience as those who ask for more money.

When choosing the drain cleaning service according to their estimate, You should choose a company with a price that is in line with what the market is worth of the work. It might take longer and more study to determine the value of that repair in your region.

The advantages of drain cleaning services

Finding professional drain cleaning services providers near you has many benefits. Following are some of those benefits:

Prevent slow or clogged drains

Whatever you are about what you flush down the toilet, there is a chance that clogs will still happen. Grease, soap scum hair, food particles, and other particles can build in pipes over time, which could cause a clog. Many homeowners try to solve the issue on their own by using liquid drain cleaner. This is not a good idea. They don’t always work as the chemicals are extremely destructive to pipes.

Prevent damage to your plumbing system

If you do not take care of the health of your plumbing system, it could be in for serious issues shortly. If your pipes are severely blocked, they’re susceptible to bursting and could cause flooding in your home. The lack of attention to your plumbing system may also cause your water to become affected by contamination; it could increase the cost of water or cause corrosion to the drainage system.

Plumbing system

Peace of mind

If you opt to have an annual cleaning of your drains, you’ll have the assurance that your drains work perfectly throughout the year. You don’t have to worry about blockages or any damage to your plumbing system.

Prevent pipe problems

Cleaning your pipes is just a good idea for maintaining the integrity and health of your plumbing system. The development of clogs is gradual over time and can cause major blockages or damage your pipes if you do not immediately take action. Make sure you avoid future issues with your pipes with regular preventive maintenance.

Eliminate fruit flies

Are you experiencing problems with fruit fly infestations in your kitchen, yet there’s no fruit bowl that you can see on your counter? If so, they’re likely to be coming through the drain. When grease, food, and other debris accumulate in the pipes, it becomes an ideal breeding ground for fruit flies. There are many home remedies to combat fruit flies, but they will not solve the issue forever. As long as there’s still grease and food within the drainage system, you’ll be plagued by fruit flies.

The most effective way to eliminate the issue permanently is to schedule an annual cleaning of the drains. The plumber will remove all food particles and grease accumulated in the pipes, making the drains unsuitable for fruit flies.

Conclusion

Strange smells emanating from your drains indicate that a lot of the waste has accumulated inside your plumbing. Professional drain cleaning is the best method of flushing out unpleasant odors. Professionals use high-pressure water to wash away the debris, dirt, and odor-producing debris stuck to your pipes’ walls.